Bose-Einstein condensation of photons in an ideal atomic gas

Bose-Einstein condensation in the relativistic ideal Bose gas.

The Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) critical temperature in a relativistic ideal Bose gas of identical bosons, with and without the antibosons expected to be pair-produced abundantly at sufficiently hot temperatures, is exactly calculated for all boson number densities, all boson point rest masses, and all temperatures. The Helmholtz free energy at the critical BEC temperature is lower with an...

Dimensional Crossover for the Bose – Einstein Condensation of an Ideal Bose Gas∗

We study an ideal Bose gas of N atoms contained in a box formed by two identical planar and parallel surfaces S , enclosed by a mantle of height a perpendicular to them. Calling r0 the mean atomic distance, we assume S ≫ r 0 , while a may be comparable to r0. In the bidimensional limit (a/r0 ≡ γ << 1) we find a macroscopic number of atoms in the condensate at temperatures T ∼ O(1/ log(N)); ther...

Bose-Einstein Condensation in Dilute Atomic Gases

The material presented here consists of lecture notes written for a five two-hour sections course given during the 2004 edition of the Brazilian School on Statistical Mechanics. The topics covered are 1. Bose-Einstein condensation of trapped ideal gases; 2. Effective two-body interactions and exact results in the Gross-Pitaevski limit; 3. Atomic structure effects, including “Feshbach resonances...

Bose-Einstein condensation in trapped atomic gases.

Bose–Einstein condensation of atomic gases

The discovery of the superfluid transition of liquid helium [1, 2] marked the first achievement of Bose–Einstein condensation in the laboratory, more than a decade after Einstein’s prediction for an ideal gas [3, 4]. Together with superconductivity, they o↵ered the first examples of macroscopic quantum phenomena and as such constituted a milestone in the history of Physics. The quest for the un...